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The 3 revolutions of public procurement in Africa

Open Contracting Partnership

The key features of the first generation reforms that took place between 2000-2005 addressed aspects of legislation, centralization and independence, and professionalization. Early reformers in this first revolution were Ethiopia (2005), Ghana (2005), Kenya (2007), Tanzania (2004), Uganda (2003), and Zambia (2006).

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Using Data to Fortify Network Defenses

FedInsider

The program has evolved over the past decade to add new capabilities, including cybersecurity tools, integration services, and dashboards that help participating agencies improve their security posture. He served on active duty in the United States Navy as a Cryptologic Chief Warrant Officer, retiring in January 2005.

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Mongolia: Investment Related Developments in the Mining Sector

Kluwer Arbitration

Mongolia was an UNCITRAL arbitration under the Russia-Mongolia BIT involving the imposition of a windfall profit tax on gold sales exceeding a certain price. These reforms centered on state involvement and equity participation in strategic mineral deposits, and increased national benefits from its rich mineral resources. million to $4.5

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The COVID-19 Vaccine Mandate Legal Donnybrook Has Arrived

Procurement Notes

Price , the Supreme Court stated that “[p]rivate persons, jointly engaged with state officials in the prohibited action, are acting ‘under color’ of law. It is enough that he is a willful participant in joint activity with the State or its agents.” [52] Price, 383 U.S. 51] In United States v. 49] See id. at 491-92. [50]