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Red Eagle v. Colombia: Colombia’s Decisions to Protect Páramos Do Not Constitute a Violation of the Minimum Standard of Treatment vis-à-vis an Investor with No Vested Right

Kluwer Arbitration

To obtain an environmental license, the investor must obtain approval from the environmental authority of (i) an Environmental Impact Assessment and (ii) an Environmental Management Plan (“PMA”). The ANM further reiterated this in April, August 2017, and December 2019.

Balance 52
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Red Eagle v. Colombia: Colombia’s Decisions to Protect Páramos Do Not Constitute a Violation of the Minimum Standard of Treatment vis-à-vis an Investor with No Vested Right

Kluwer Arbitration

To obtain an environmental license, the investor must obtain approval from the environmental authority of (i) an Environmental Impact Assessment and (ii) an Environmental Management Plan (“PMA”). The ANM further reiterated this in April, August 2017, and December 2019.

Balance 52
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Pre-Ιnvestment Expenditures, Defining an Investment, and a Problem of Translations: Patel Engineering v the Republic of Mozambique

Kluwer Arbitration

Investors frequently make expenditures in the preparatory phase of an investment, such as environmental impact assessments , scientific surveys, or financial advice. When are these expenditures considered an investment? Expenditures prior to the investment do not create economic value.