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2023 Year in Review: Key Developments in Europe (Investment Arbitration)

Kluwer Arbitration

These model clauses aim to serve as guidance for EU Member States when they negotiate (or renegotiate) their BITs with third countries (extra-EU BITs). This might reflect, as they argued, some sort of recognition that the EU Member States ‘need flexibility when negotiating ISDS’ under extra-EU BITs.

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2024 Year in Review: Human Rights and ISDS—Continued Convergence of Human Rights and the Environment

Kluwer Arbitration

According to UNCTAD, no model agreements were released in 2024. The Claimant had argued that the failure of Romania to adopt a Draft Law that was prepared following negotiations of the parties violated the BITs. Nine IIAs currently have publicly available texts. Two are currently in force.